W.E.B Du Bois Theory of Self - A Critique of Contemporary Globalization Process

“The consciousness of men can neither be independently understood nor entirely abstracted from the specific social contexts and experiences within which they were developed. Consciousness therefore includes fundamental elements of criticality, which are indomitable and are also not mechanically determinable"(Jeremiah O. Arowosegbe, 2008). ABSTRACT No one puts a new wine into old bottles; else the bottles break, and the wine runs out, and the bottles perish neither can two sailor sail a ship to the right destination, one has to be a captain while the other has to be the subordinate. Our culture is eroding away gradually and if nothing is done to rescue the “sinking culture on the sea”, the havoc will be more devastating. Our grandfather and great grandfather have been enslaved, lose our heritage on the hand of the white. They have been Americanized, exploited and brainwashed making them to forgot their heritage and homeland (Africa). It is now important for us to struggle for ourselves, to wake up from the “deep sleep”, to counter attack, to come back to our normal consciousness, to fight the war of salvation. Nigerian cannot be enslaved, exploited at the same time lose their culture to the western people. Our great grandfathers have done what they could, it is left for us to realize our full potential, tell the west, that we are not barbaric, and document our historical antecedent for generation to come toward realizing a better society. KEY WORDS: Globalization process in Nigeria, Idea of Double Consciousness, Critique of contemporary globalization process in Nigeria. INTRODUCTION The concept of Globalization is not a new phenomenon in Nigeria, it has been a worldwide usage. In the quest for trade and natural resources, the interaction of a country with other countries is pivotal to its survival as no country of the world can leave in isolation. Economic reason being the fundamental factor contributing to globalization, various countries including Nigeria has realized her full potential and thereby consolidate with other country of the world into what we called a “Global village”. This consolidation consciously or unconsciously has greater effect on the total way of life of people living in a particular society. According to Ojo (2004), Globalization refers to the growing interaction in world trade, national and foreign investment, capital markets and the ascribed role of government in national economies. Globalization has informed an unprecedented integration among economies. Thus, an information reform is being experienced and markets, corporations, organizations and governance are becoming more international. Globalization is a novel nor a modern social phenomenon, though its forms may have changed overtime and across key scope of human endeavors. (Held et al, 1999). However, while some scholars are in support of globalization has illustrated above, some scholars have also argued against it. According to Olukosi (1995), rather than fostering (globalization) a sense of common interest in the global village, neo-liberal economic practices are bringing the world back to the Darwinian jungle of the survival of the fittest in which everything exist in perpetual state of fierce competition in pursuit of self-interest. Most developing countries are fused into global political, economic and social relationship without their awareness. Concomitantly, the fact that global wealth and resources is not evenly distributed, globalization today in Nigeria is seen as a refined version of capital imperialism Therefore, the idea of globalization cannot be understood in isolation without considering the specific social context, condition from which they developed. SCHEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF GLOBALIZATION One of the most concept widely used today in Nigeria and all over the world is globalization. Globalization is not a product of twentieth century, it is an age long phenomenon trade is a major factor promoting globalization which started during the Neanderthal era which existed when the Silk Road started in china, extended to the frontier part of the Persian Empire and enlarged towards the Roman Empire. Also, the Golden Age of Islam characterized by Muslim merchants (selling of crops, commerce, knowledge and technology) and integration of Silk Road springs up globalization process. With the emergence of Portuguese and Spanish Empires to every part of the world in the 16th and 17th centuries integration of the world became possible has countries of the world becomes integrate through European trade. Roman and Ottoman and Pax Romana and Pax Ottoman developed a world systems which later spread to the whole world in 19th century with the Pax Britannica known as the world order developed by Britain. The acceleration growth rate of automation network couple with Industrial Revolution and the significant world wars between United States of America (USA) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) contributed to world globalization process and carried humanity into a very dangerous point. Consequently, the reality that instead of “power” “norm” should operate in order to alleviate the tension between these two blocs play a major factor. The conference on security and co-operation in Europe (CSCE) held at Helsinki conference where various act was passed. With the adoption of this act, second wave of globalization which was an act on the general agreement on the subjects of security, economy, trade, energy and humanity between the two dominant blocs was achieved. Globalization in Nigeria started during the advents of colonial master. Prior before, Nigeria economy was mono-cultural and most of his revenue was based on agriculture which in turn was used to provide life sustaining goods for the citizen. Nigeria and other less developed economies exported raw materials in form of cash crop such as cocoa, coffee, palm produce, groundnut. But with the advent of colonial masters, the discovery of oil in Olobiri (commercial quantities) in 1970s marked the turning point of Nigeria economy leading to neglect and backwardation of agriculture. The bulk of Nigeria revenue now came from oil. Ever since then, Nigeria has depended heavily on crude oil causing instability in the economy due to fluctuation in the price of oil in world markets. Oputa (1996) and Salimono (1999) stated that since globalization entails trade liberalization, it is therefore imperative to say that there is free and unrestricted movement of trade, finance and investment across national border. Thus, globalization allows Nigeria to export and imports goods, capital and investment without restriction thereby promoting higher standard of living. Globalization has enriched the world economically, scientifically and culturally. This is because globalization opens the economic to a wide variety of consumption of goods (Shoprite, KFC, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Nokia, Samsung and many more), new technology in terms of phones and gadgets, computers and many more. All this technology helps to create innovation and enhance knowledge. Globalization in Nigeria has created a global market place, with the fifth development in communication technology, virtually any one can access it from different location. Also, it has open up a world of business opportunities and also link them to market, which was hitherto unknown to them. But in actual sense of it, can we say globalization has actually benefited Nigeria or used as a means to perpetuate exploitation of the Third World Nation? IDEA OF DOUBLE CONSCIOUSNESS Double consciousness is a concept developed by Dr. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, an historical writer and political motivators for African of the Diaspora and for social justice worldwide. This concept of double consciousness was explored in his publication titled “The soul of Black folk” published in 1903 as a result of his political/economic/social structure of his environment which he later came into conclusion that Africans Americans minds have been strongly influenced after hundreds years of abuse. He began to asked question that how does this phenomena feel to be a problem? This later set the stage for an enormous amount of dialogue. He goes on to describe this phenomena or act as a feeling of not being acknowledged as a human being of equal standing in society. According to W.E.B Du Bois (1903), this act seemed like being behind a “veil”, of not being seen or acknowledged by mainstream society, a type of non-existence unless needed for service of the dominant culture. The concept of the veil to Du Bois recognizes the “black soul” striving for wholeness, for synthesis and integration: after all, its “dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.” Du Bois asserted that the veil is a complex metaphor for the dynamics of race which represents both barrier and connection between white and black. Imagine it as a filmy fabric, a soft and semi-transparent border-marker that both keeps the races apart and mediates between them. Double consciousness describes the individual sensation of feeling as though your identity is divided into several parts, making it difficult or impossible to have one unified identity. Du Bois spoke of this within the context of race relations in the United States. According to him, “after the Egyptian and Indian, the Greek and Roman, the teuton and Mongolian, the Negro is a sort of seventh son, born with a veil, and gifted with second-sight in this American world,- a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through the revelation of the other world. It is a peculiar sensation, this double consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels this twoness, an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideas in one dark body, who dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder”. To Du Bois, the history of the American Negro is the history of the strife; this longing to attain self-consciousness manhood, to merge the double self into a better and truer self. In the process of merging, the Negro wishes neither of the older selves to be lost for he would not Africanize America, for America has too much to teach the world and Africa. Negro would also not bleach his Negro soul in a flood of white Africanism, for he knows that Negro blood has a message for the world. He simply wishes to make it possible to be both Negro and an American, without being cursed and spit upon by his fellows, without having the doors of opportunity closed roughly in his face. Du Bois (1903) further opine that the developments of double consciousness by African American was an attempt to bring an end to striving, thus allowing for the use of energy in a more productive manner. Productive manner to him means living a life that is enshrouded with gainful “work, culture, and liberty”; the three must be utilized simultaneously to achieve this aim for complete freedom from double consciousness. Du Bois concluded that through careful historical events worldwide, it will help to reduce the level of stress that racist practice create. He believed that the only way an egalitarian society may be realized is through African Americans examination, fixing the divided character through world history and a critical discourse of African American’s successes, stagnations and failure since emancipation. APPLICATION OF THE THEORY AS A CRITIQUE TO CONTEMPORARY GLOBALIZATION PROCESS IN NIGERIA. The self is the peculiar ability to be both subject and object. According to Herbert Mead (1934/1962:267), the self presupposes a social process: communication among humans. Lower animal to Mead do not have selves, nor do human infants at birth. The selves arises with development through social activity and social relationships. To Mead, it is impossible to imagine a selves arising in the absence of social experiences. However, once a self has developed, it is possible for it to continue to exist without social contract. The self is dialectically related to the mind. That is, on one hand, Mead argues that the body is not a self and becomes a self only when a mind (inner connection with one’s self which is not found within the individual but through social phenomenon) has developed. On the other hand, the self, along with its reflexiveness, is essential to the development of the mind. That is, it is impossible to separate mind and self, because the self is a mental process of development. It is by means of reflexiveness (the turning back of the experiences of the individual upon himself) that the whole social process is brought into the experiences of the individuals involved in it. Also, it is by such means, which enable the individual to be conscious, to adjust himself to that process and to modify the resultant process in any given social act in terms of his adjustment to it. (Mead, 1934/1962:134). African American battle with a multi-faceted conception of self, a double consciousness. They are constantly trying to balance the two cultures that has reshaped their identity. Early African Americans saw Africa as their homeland and the place they belonged while they saw America as the land they were brought to against their will in order to be enslaved. This led to the idea that all African American should one day return to their rightful home Africa. However, as a result of the experience of slavery and southern acculturation, early African Americans ideas of both of their identities were greatly distorted. The critics of contemporary globalization process in Nigeria using W.E.B Du Bois will be discuss under the following sub-heading. Globalization and Colonization in Nigeria The history of slave trade is an outcome of globalization and a source of even more globalize. Between 1400s and 1870s when Portuguese ships arrived African shores, the African continent experienced four slave trades which the most extensive and celebrated being the TransAtlantic slave trade through which slaves were shipped from West Africa, West Central Africa and Eastern Africa to the European colonies in the New world. Paul Lovejoy estimated that about 11,863,000 Africans landed alive in America and elsewhere during the slave trade coupled with several millions of people who died in the ‘Middle Passage’ as well as those who died between the time of capture and embarkation. For more than three centuries, Atlantic slave trade evoked a perennial acrimony, open room for an unprecedented forms of insecurity, sexual exploitation of women to serve both the labourer and the colonial master (since they cannot pay the workers in cash, women are used as means of compensating the labourer), hindered economic activities and stifled local entrepreneurship and technological drive leading to what we now called “modern slavery “- a situation where women and children are trafficked for the purposes of forced labour and commercial sexual exploitation. Within Nigeria and outside, women and girls are trafficked primarily for domestic servitude and sexual exploitation. It is recorded that Nigeria is a source of transit and destination for this hideous act. There are several factors responsible for this act such as openness to border, weak law enforcement agencies, poverty and many more. But one dominant factor is the aspiration of individual toward a better living hoping that once he or she get to other country especially U.S.A, Canada and many more, problem will be solved. Du Bois explained this in the light of double consciousness (a situation when you do not have believe in yourself or goal again) on the part of the victim in search for greener pasture (a desire for glory and profit) both local and international. Globalization and Brain Drain Brain drain- a situation where skillful, knowledgeable people are emigrating out of the country due to socio-economic factors which is not favourable on their part. Walter Rodney view this in the light of social relationship of Africa with the European countries, the relationship between Africa and Europe from the 15th century onwards served to block the spirit of technological innovation both directly and indirectly. In the first place, millions of young men and women who were supposed to serve as agents of development, were removed from Africa thereby robbing the continent of the mental and physical contribution of millions of potential talents, supporters, anchors and sponsors of Africa’s development. In removing millions of able-bodied men and women from Africa, the Atlantic slave trade knocked off the prospect of African’s development. Washington Alcott summarized the economic impact of the Atlantic slave trade with particular references to Ghana- “The transatlantic slave trade caused the removal from Africa millions of Africans. This number included a large percentage of skilled tradesman and women from a range of occupations and professions who were making their contribution to African societies… Slave trading undermined the Gold coast economy and destroyed the gold trade. Slave raiding and kidnapping made it unsafe to mine the gold or to travel with gold. The European’s demand for slaves made raiding for captives more profitable than gold mining. The transatlantic slave trade encouraged Africans to wage war against one another and conduct raids instead of building more peaceful links”. Contemporary Globalization in Nigeria is mostly similar to the analysis made above, According to a census data conducted by Rice University, Nigerian immigrants have the highest levels of education in the city and nations, surpassing whites and Asians. Furthermore, according to 2006 American Community Survey (U.S. Census Bureau), a whopping 17percent of all Nigerians in the country held master’s degree while 4percent had a doctorate. In addition 37percent had bachelor’s degree. To put these numbers in perspectives, 8percent of the White population in the U.S. had master’s degree, according to the census survey and 1percent held doctorate, about 19percents of White residents had bachelor’s degree. Asians come closer to the Nigerian with 12percent holding master’s degree and 3percent having doctorates. Reflecting further, Roderick Harrison (a demographer at the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies), a Washington D.C think tank who specializes in researching black issues, said the Nigerian numbers are “strikingly high and there is no doubt that these are highly educated professionals who are probably working in the petrochemical, medical and business sectors in Houston”. From the above analysis, one can deduce that contemporary globalization process in Nigeria is a means of exploitation, whereby those who are to develop the country are hijacked by the western people, emigrating from the country, working for their own economy (destination economy), developing their own economy at the detriment (retarding the growth and development) of our own economy. Typical example is Visa lottery which is been propagate by U.S.A and other country like Canada, encouraging Nigerian to emigrate from their country toward the development of their own country. This act of emigrating from the country is as a result of divided self as Ruskin pointed out in 1860 that “the art of making yourself rich , in the ordinary mercantile economists sense, is therefore equally necessarily the art of making your neighbor poor” (Reid, 1995:137). Globalization and the Cultural Transition or Mix According to Du Bois (1903), Double consciousness create a sense of always looking at oneself through the eyes of another. That is a stripping of one’s self identity has taken place and that replacement information has been internalized by African Americans. To him the discourse of African American is a reflection of internalizing the overwhelming negative by mainstream society. (Du Bois 1903; Banks 1973; Frazier 1988). Influence about race as projected through mass media and the educational process caused many African Americans to internalize self-hatred and give up their culture. Contemporary globalization in Nigeria has led to acculturation or total abandonment of indigenous culture for the sake of European culture. This can be seen in the aspect of language, dressing, food and many other things. Gradually English language is dominating our indigenous language and if care is not taken, it can lead to total encroachment of our culture. Education institution whose core role is to transmit the societal culture has failed in its duties. Typical example is Yoruba language which is tagged as “vernacular” in most primary and secondary school level, punishing the students if they speak their indigenous language. You see a fully grown up child who cannot speak his or her indigenous language all because of globalization. Apart from language, evidence of globalization is also seen in our dressing; we prefer to wear western dress (suits, trousers, bomb short, bikini and many more) to our own local dress (Dansiki, buba, kenbe, ofin and many more); seen you wearing Kenbe, they tagged you as ara oko (bush guy). This has a result of globalization or our exposure to western civilization because we have been brain washed by what we see in social media (CNN, FOX News, Movies) thinking that everything about America is good not even minding the negative aspect (pornography, gay, lesbianism) of it. Whereas these are some of the ideological state apparatus which the bourgeoisie (American) indoctrinate, propagate, and legitimize their own culture as a means of exploiting Nigeria cultural values. Globalization has given birth to the ideas of feminism and newer forms of the concept of marriage and family. Feminism is a new culture introduce by the west to reduce gender inequality, women exploitation and male dominance. This new definition of marriage has brought about high rate of marital divorce in the society due to competition rate of female with their male counterpart and the need to advocate for gender equality in the society (what a man can do, a woman can also do better) . Rather than imbibing the rational kernel of feminism, most Nigeria women imbibe the negative aspect of it,having the notion that I and my husband have equal right in the home, women are no more subjecting themselves again, this in turn led to high rate of divorced marriage which later affect child socialization. Educational Structure within the context of Globalization Du Bois (1903, pp. 182) states that a “truer self-knowledge is the only thing that has been an ongoing process for African Americans and for many years retained through folklores and animal stories”. Animal stories are used to create visions of African history and culture. For example the “lion is the protector of the pride”, as you must be the protector of the community in which you belong, tortoise and the elephants tell us not to rely on anyone or too greedy for political position just like the elephant did. This would part of the educational process of an adolescent male approaching manhood at the age of twelve. Nowadays, reverse is the case, rarely we you find teachers (primary, secondary) telling stories or history in the class room again. Family who supposed to supplement this role has failed in its function because of changes in the occupational structure of both parent. Having full knowledge on cultural values provide a solid ground for historical antecedent as John Henrik Clarke reminds us that keeping history in its true perspectives is important; he writes, “history is a clock that people use to tell their time of the day, and it is a compass that people use to locate themselves on the map of human geography”. Meaning that inculcating history into education curriculum will help in understanding political growth and development of Nigeria. Globalization and Liberal Democracy Liberal democracy is the set of ideas that permits the free expression of individual personality, a representatives and the supremacy of the popular will on the basic question of social direction and policy. Democracy building has retard the economic growth of Nigeria, just like Plato (427-347BC) believed that democracy is dangerous because it puts political power into the hands of the ignorant and envious people. Because they are ignorant, he argued the people will not know how to use political power for the common good. Also because they are envious they will be concerned only with their own good, which they will seek to advance by plundering those who are better off. Because they are both ignorant and envious they will be easily swayed by demagogues (leaders who will flatter them, appeal to their envy, and turn citizen against citizen). Democracy and globalization go in hand together, Nigeria in 21st century has witnessed political and economic turmoil. These political and economic turmoil has its root in embodiment of power which the developed countries has transformed through the maturing of ideas and a change in social and economic relationship which have led to a separation of the areas of politics, religion and culture and to the growing autonomy of civil society. In Nigeria, the governing principle makes compromises of the democratic type by establishing formally democratic institutions and accepting political pluralism, the whole processes being crowned by elections held at regular intervals to meet internal requirements of external partners, the provider of financial assistance (states, national and international multilateral institution). But in reality, this is done in such a way that the system established does not basically call into question the nature of the monopolistic power (manipulations of elections, encouragement to set up numerous small political parties most of which are only subsection of the dominant party, appointment of incompetent and corrupt judges, restricted media access for opponents and other non-conformist intellectual elites). (Bernard Badie et al, 1993; On the question of the disembodiment of power, p. 234). Onyekpe (2003) also explain this in the light of transition from a military dictatorship to a democratically elected system of government which reveal that the years of military rule in Nigeria that coincide with the oil boom era witnessed the wastage of public revenue some on non-productive project while others were snatched out of the country and lodged into foreign account where it is bettering foreign economies at the expense of home economies. Typically example is the $4billion looted money recovered under Abacha administration as explained by Mr. Femi Falana in an interview conducted by Vanguard News, Dec. 27, 2015. Democracy in Nigeria is not the real sense of democracy, Nigeria gained her independence in the year 1960 but still been colonized indirectly by Western world. The West still control our major economy power in terms of making decision on certain matter, economic trade and financial support. A typical example is- recently a statement released by the senate chambers that appealing to President Barrack Obama to come to Nigeria before his tenure ends, that they need his advice on effective governance and constitutional rules. (Vanguard News, 26th October, 2016). We still depends on U.S.A when it comes to decision making, some scholars have argued that practicing our own form of government (just like before) that suit our present condition and society will be more better than practicing democracy. We see things based on how U.S.A sees it not how we sees it and failure is the person who used other people eyes to see. Economic Policies in response to Global Economic Agenda Democracy in actual sense is a means to propagate capitalism economy into developing countries. Nigeria has a country has not benefit from this act, it’s rather exploit resources in Nigeria and used it to develop their own society making us feel we are running a better economy whereas we are only running a “pseudo-economic” system (fake economy). Typical examples are Multi National Company in Nigeria such as MTN, Coca-cola, Pepsi, Samsung, KFC, Shoprite, Nokia, Techno and many more. These companies are situated in Nigeria to tap the resource of Nigeria and use the resources to develop their own society. When computing our Gross Domestic Product, these companies are listed among the indicator of economy growth, presenting a strong real GDP growth rate of 6% or 6.5% since 2005 till date. (Aganda, 2010 and Ogunmade, 2013). This is paradoxically. A situation where there is strong GDP of 6.5%, and in the same period, unemployment rate and poverty level continue to rise annually from 11.9% in 2005 to 19.7% in 2009, and over 37% in 2013 is alarming. (Aganda, 2010 and Ogunmade, 2013). Democracy is a key dominant factor for U.S.A domination in the Third World countries particularly Nigeria; countries who cannot accept democracy is likely to be left in isolation meaning that you accept democracy, you accept capitalism indirectly. (Vice versa). Apart from this, the introduction of Structural Adjustment Programmes in 1986 by I.M.F (International Monetary Fund) and World Bank under Buhari and Babangida administration change the economic, social and political life of Nigerians, restructured the way governance is conducted, the way business is done and the way social relationship are built and maintained in Nigeria. Prior before, Nigeria’s economic crisis is traceable to the unbalanced pattern of development adopted by the colonial state which focused on import substitution industrialization. Revenues acquired from the sale of agricultural produce was used to import raw materials from Europe and America to run the import substitution policy of the government. In 1970s, the major source of national income changed from agricultural produce to revenue from petroleum which was used to continue the import substitution policy. This later has implication for Nigeria economy because there was little growth of local manufacturing activities and little market linkages. This later created high rate of inflation, unemployment, non-payment of workers salary by state government, fall in the prices of oil and many more. These crises led to the collection of the loan which contained more stringent conditions than those required by the loan. SAP demanded devaluing the naira, removing subsides including petroleum subsidy, commercialization and privatization of government enterprise and parastastals, deregulation of prices and interest rates, reduction of public expenditure, profit reparation and foreign investment inflow and a host of other measures. With the commencement of the implementation of the above stated polices, Nigeria finally joined other Third World nations which had already been implementing SAP. Ever since then, SAP has produce ripple effect both international sector, enduring pattern of social relation (negatives aspect of it) on the lives of the people up till this present moment. Another typical example is the borrowing of money from World Bank ($29.96 billion) which the present administration (President Mohammodu Buhari) is clamoring for in order to get out of recession is a means of exploitative Loan because of various condition that will be attached to it which may not favour us. From the above analysis, we can deduce that looking up to the Western world before we take decision relating to our governance system or following their path way to our own development is a means of exploitation as Du Bois (1903) posited that African Americans should not surrender political aspirations in their search for work. He believed that strategy for economic stability (U.S.A) would obstruct African Americans political aspirations for an undetermined amount of time and would add fuel to the negative effects of Double Consciousness. Du Bois opine that, African American who had been exposed to and influenced by a system of slavery and racial stratification needed to be mentally replenished with new ideals because the door to prosperity had been closed abruptly. (Du Bois, 1903). Meaning that seeking financial assistance from U.S.A is like someone seeking assistance from devils which he or she will later pay more than what he or she ask for. Likewise if we seek financial assistance from U.S.A, they will lend us the money and also give us direction on how to spend it and where to spend it. Crime and Globalization Contemporary globalization has created diverse problems ranging from criminal activities like Yahoo-Yahoo as a result of internet revolution, internet fraud, hacking, piracy and many more to ethno-religious conflict. The two religions was introduced to Nigerians (Missionary and Arab; though it was used to exploit Africa continent has highlighted by Walter Rodney), but rather than fostering cooperation, violence upon violence has evolved from both side. Typical example is the cartoon/graphic caricature illustration of Prophet Mohammed and injunctions of the holy Quran by a Denmark Christian journalist spurred some Muslims in Northern Nigeria into sectarian riots that led to the killing of some Christians. Other example are Zangon Katav crises in Kaduna, Idiaraba crises in Lagos in the year 2002, 2006 were 700 lives were lost in the North. From the above analysis, we were able to discovered that advent of contemporary globalization embedded with colonialism led to these crises has many scholars (Prof. Sekou Toure of Guinea, Wole Soyinka) have argued that our level of underdevelopment is a product of foreign intervention and domination. Harden been that there is no Christianity and Islam, there will be no problem since we have a way of worshipping God (Ogun, Osun, Sango, Esu) until they invade Nigeria, leaving a negative imprints on Nigeria society. Du Bois concluded that, “to gain respect, the African American must learn to be themselves not another and this means actively seeking education that is wholesome, an education that led to self-determination”. (Du Bois, 1903, 8). Self-determination means the ability to work and produce economic stability as a group and a cordial social order for generation to come. To Du Bois, a sense of cultural awareness necessary for building of self-esteem and self-awareness coupled with “work, culture and liberty” make up the formula that lead to complete freedom. Meaning Nigeria can have cordial relationship with other countries in Africa both Anglophones and Francophone countries not necessary seeking help or assistance from U.S.A before we can develop. Though building this cordial relationship may seems difficult because of our language barriers, but yet we can still achieve that aim if we want to because if we do not realized our full potential, known our worth, tell U.S.A that we are somebody in terms of cultural and economic development, they will still continue to teach us how to live our lives. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The paper concludes that the world phenomenon of the contact of diverse race of men is to have new exemplifications during the new century. Indeed the characteristics of our age is the contact of European civilization with the world‘s underdeveloped peoples. It is then the strife of all honorable men of the twentieth century to see that in the future competition of races, the survival of the fittest shall mean the triumph of the good, civilization of the people we not only have positive impact but rather negative impact. It is pertinent for us not to put premium on greed as our forefathers (leaders often known as the Comprado) did, selling our birthright to the Western people (U.S.A) just like Esau sold his birthright to Jacob just because of sauce meal, not to put premium on modernity or modernization because of greed or impudence but rather appreciate our own culture, just like President Gadhi of Indian said; if Indian cannot produce cloth for themselves, they should go out naked, enhance our own culture and teach the fort-coming generation our historical antecedent. 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